CHART TOTO 18OKT2008




CHART TOTO 15OKT2008
NOMBOR BERWARNA GELAP BOLEH MENJADI NOMBOR KEMBAR.
DIGALAKKAN UNTUK NOMBOR ABCD
SEMOGA MENDAPAT ILHAM UNTUK TEST CARD
peratusan chart 60-40

MYNUCLEAR.BLOGSPOT.COM

PILIHAN NUCLEAR

5034 9605
3465 6903
4065 7495
3497 6491
9104

REF TOTO 15OKT2008


nos yang kujangka ke parit
rupanya memberi modal untuk sabtu..
aku tertipu code palsu

KEPADA SEMUA


KEPADA SEMUA

EMAIL mynuclear4d@yahoo.com BERMASALAH

ADA MASALAH TEKNIKAL.

SALAM
DANIALHARIZ

CHART TOTO 15OKT2008





CHART TOTO 15OKT2008
NOMBOR BERWARNA GELAP BOLEH MENJADI NOMBOR KEMBAR.
DIGALAKKAN UNTUK NOMBOR ABCD
SEMOGA MENDAPAT ILHAM UNTUK TEST CARD
peratusan chart 50-50

MYNUCLEAR.BLOGSPOT.COM

CHART MAGNUM 15OKT2008



CHART MAGNUM 15OKT2008
NOMBOR BERWARNA GELAP BOLEH MENJADI NOMBOR KEMBAR.
DIGALAKKAN UNTUK NOMBOR ABCD
SEMOGA MENDAPAT ILHAM UNTUK TEST CARD
peratusan chart 50-50

MYNUCLEAR.BLOGSPOT.COM

LUCKY PICK MAGNUM 15OKT2008


LUCKY PICK MAGNUM 12OKT2008

PILIHLAH MANA SUKA
ADA LUCK MASUK LA...

6702MBOX 1248MBOX

6093MBOX 9486MBOX

3827MBOX 3896MBOX

6854MBOX 4319MBOX

0731MBOX 0281MBOX

9521MBOX 6870MBOX


SILA MBOX UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO NOS BERPUSING
SELAMAT MELUCKY PICK

LUCKY PICK SPORTSTOTO 15OKT2008


LUCKY PICK UNTUK TOTO 12OKT2008

1086iPERM 6741iPERM

3786iPERM 1784iPERM

5034iPERM 0381iPERM

0547iPERM 2735iPERM

4531iPERM 0819iPERM

4571iPERM 3079iPERM

PILIHLAH MANA SUKA.
SILA IPERM UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO.
HANYA SEKADAR LUCKY PICK

SELAMAT MELUCKY PICK

3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 15OKT2008


3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 15OKT2008

X141

X DIJANGKA 70% GENAP DAN KEPALA
50% GANJIL,DIJANGKA KEPALA


SELAMAT MENGECAI.

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
SEGALA DOSA DAN KERUGIAN DITANGGUNG SENDIRI


3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 15OKT2008



3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR
112X
221X


SEMOGA MEMBANTU

3D DAN 4DPONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 15OKT2008




SILA EMAILKAN KEPADA SAYA UNTUK MENDAPAT TIPS
3D DAN 4D
YANG TERKINI.

mynuclear4d@yahoo.com

SEMOGA KITA SAMA-SAMA BERJAYA DI GELANGGANG
NOMBOR RAMALAN.

TERUTAMANYA TOTO

PEMBAYANG 15OKT TOTO
8XX1

CHART TOTO DAN MAGNUM 15OKT2008


SILA EMAIL SAYA UNTUK MENDAPATKANNYA.

mynuclear4d@yahoo.com

SELAMAT MEMBURU
DI
SPORTSTOTO
DAN
MAGNUM

EMAIL BERTUKAR KEPADA mynuclear@ymail.com


SALAM KEPADA SEMUA

DISINI SAYA INGIN MEMAKLUMKAN SAYA TELAH BERALIH KEPADA EMAIL YANG BARU

IAITU, mynuclear4d@yahoo.com

KEPADA SESIAPA YANG INGIN BERTANYA TIPS TIPS NOMBOR RAMALAN SILA EMAIL KE
ALAMAT EMAIL TERSEBUT.
TERLALU BANYAK MASALAH MENGGUNAKAN EMAIL HARIAN.
SALAH SATU SEBABNYA ADALAH SAYA TERSALAH HANTAR EMAIL NOS RAMALAN KEPADA ORANG YANG TIDAK BERMAIN NOS.
JADILAH SPAM.

SALAMZ
DANIALHARIZ
mynuclear.blogspot.com

REF TOTO 12OKT2008



DIRECT CONSO

REF TOTO 12OKT2008



CONSOLATION

REF TOTO 12OKT2008



STARTER DAN CONSOLATION TOTO

PILIHAN TERBAIK NUCLEAR 12OKT2008


IPERM

6123iPERM DAN 6143iPERM

ATAU

1386iPERM

ATAU

1384iPERM


SEMOGA BERJAYA MALAM INI....
RAMALAN TETAP RAMALAN.
TIDAK SEMESTINYA TEPAT.

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
DOSA DAN KERUGIAN TANGGUNG SENDIRI

LUCKY PICK MAGNUM 12OKT2008


LUCKY PICK MAGNUM 12OKT2008

PILIHLAH MANA SUKA
ADA LUCK MASUK LA...

8064MBOX 6093MBOX

9524MBOX 3827MBOX

0638MBOX 7320MBOX

5891MBOX 6854MBOX

7028MBOX 9213MBOX

3842MBOX 3065MBOX


SILA MBOX UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO NOS BERPUSING
SELAMAT MELUCKY PICK

LUCKY PICK SPORTSTOTO 12OKT2008


LUCKY PICK UNTUK TOTO 12OKT2008

4032iPERM 5460iPERM

3079iPERM 2348iPERM

7860iPERM 9863iPERM

4096iPERM 4571iPERM

7546iPERM 0278iPERM

0851iPERM 8293iPERM

PILIHLAH MANA SUKA.
SILA IPERM UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO.
HANYA SEKADAR LUCKY PICK

SELAMAT MELUCKY PICK

CHART MAGNUM 12OKT2008





CHART MAGNUM 12OKT2008
NOMBOR BERWARNA GELAP BOLEH MENJADI NOMBOR KEMBAR.
DIGALAKKAN UNTUK NOMBOR ABCD
SEMOGA MENDAPAT ILHAM UNTUK TEST CARD

MYNUCLEAR.BLOGSPOT.COM

CHART TOTO 12OKT2008



CHART SPORTSTOTO 12OKT2008

NOMBOR YANG BERWARNA GELAP BOLEH MENJADI NOMBOR KEMBAR.
DIGALAKKAN BERMAIN NOMBOR ABCD SAHAJA.
LUCK TETAP LUCK.
SEMOGA MENDAPAT ILHAM DARI CHART INI


REF TOTO 11OKT2008



2ND
3RD
STARTER
CONSOLATION

PILIHAN TERBAIK NUCLEAR 11OKT2008


IPERM

6213
UNTUK KEPALA BOLEH JADI 6 ATAU 2
UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO SILA iPERM

ATAU

6215

ATAU

8213


SEMOGA BERJAYA MALAM INI....
RAMALAN TETAP RAMALAN.
TIDAK SEMESTINYA TEPAT.

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
DOSA DAN KERUGIAN TANGGUNG SENDIRI

LUCKY PICK SPORTSTOTO 11OKT2008


LUCKY PICK UNTUK TOTO

5613iPERM 8726iPERM
0819iPERM 3715iPERM
8647iPERM 8521iPERM
0246iPERM 2931iPERM
0193iPERM 4513iPERM
0278iPERM 5169iPERM

PILIHLAH MANA SUKA.
SILA IPERM UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO.
HANYA SEKADAR LUCKY PICK

SELAMAT MELUCKY PICK

LUCKY PICK MAGNUM 11OKT2008


LUCKY PICK MAGNUM 11OKT2008

PILIHLAH MANA SUKA
ADA LUCK MASUK LA...

1690MBOX 4218MBOX
0476MBOX 6249MBOX
1742MBOX 2603MBOX
5304MBOX 9860MBOX
6870MBOX 1375MBOX
1430MBOX 2156MBOX


SILA MBOX UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO NOS BERPUSING
SELAMAT MELUCKY PICK

3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 3


3D PILIHAN NUCLEAR ISTIMEWA

X466


X= 90% GENAP, 10% GANJIL
UNTUK KEPALA X ADALAH 80%
KURANGKAN RISIKO SILA iPERM
TAKECOVER MAG6

HARAP TERMASUK KE CARTA 23 MALAM ESOK

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
SEGALA DOSA TANGGUNG SENDIRI


3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 2


iPERM

X623
X= 70% GANJIL, 30% GENAP
UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO SILA iPERM
KEPALA PILIHAN NUCLEAR ADALAH X ATAUPUN 6

X472
X= 70% GANJIL, 30% GENAP
UNTUK KURANGKAN RISIKO SILA iPERM
KEPALA PILIHAN NUCLEAR ADALAH X ATAUPUN 4

yang mampu, boleh cover magnum

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
SEGALA DOSA TANGGUNG SENDIRI

3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 1


IPERM
558X
X= GENAP 60% GANJIL 40%

885X
X= GENAP 40% GANJIL 60%

PILIHAN NUCLEAR PALING TINGGI ADALAH 558X
3D INI KHAS UNTUK SPORTSTOTO
JIKA MAMPU, BOLEH TIBAI KE MAGNUM JUGA

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
DOSA TANGGUNG SENDIRI

REF TOTO 08OKT2008



REF TOTO CONSOLATION 0208


3D PONING PILIHAN NUCLEAR 08OKT2008


3D PILIHAN NUCLEAR

X315


X= NO.GENAP 80%
NO.GANJIL 60%


UNTUK KEPALA X ADALAH 99%.
HANYA PUSING NOMBOR BELAKANG.


SEMALAM HARI YANG MALANG


HARI YANG MALANG
TERSASAR KE PARIT
LEMAS DILAUTAN
TAK SEMPAT MEMANCING

3D PONING PILIHAN LAIN


3D PONING PILIHAN

X491 X=NOMBOR GENAP 80% GANJIL 20%
X353 X=NOMBOR GENAP 100%

PERCENTAGE 3D DI ATAS NAIK 80%
HARAP DAPAT MEMBANTU..
IPERM

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
DOSA TANGGUNG SENDIRI

3D UNTUK ESOK


3D PONING UNTUK ESOK

117X IPERM
177X IPERM

X= KEBARANGKALIAN NOMBOR GENAP 96.9%

JUDI ADALAH HARAM DISISI AGAMA ISLAM
DOSA TANGGUNG SENDIRI

REF TOTO 01OKT2008



8471 STARTER



5167 CONSOLATION


1127 STARTER




REF TOTO 28SEPT2008



1327 3RD PRIZE
7671 STARTER
7718 SCONSOLATION


REF TOTO 27SEPT2008



7901 3RD PRIZE
5789 STARTER
1169 CONSOLATION
8171 CONSOLATION

Ref toto 17sept 2008



9162 starter
1652 consolation

Kena banyak


Nombor ramalan toto 03/09/08


Kepada kaki2 nombor TOTO!!!
Sila beli nombor ni.

4351 Straight
2849 Straight
9291 Straight

7503 Iperm
9912 Iperm

Dijangka Akan naik esok.
Tapi ingat, risiko tanggung sendiri..
Adat berjudi ada menang ada kalah erk.

Nombor Ramalan TOTO (in MALAY)




Ref Code

Chelsea Player


1 GK Petr ÄŒech
2 DF Branislav Ivanović
3 DF Ashley Cole
4 MF Claude Makélélé
5 MF Michael Essien
6 DF Ricardo Carvalho
7 FW Andriy Shevchenko
8 MF Frank Lampard (vice-captain)
9 MF Steve Sidwell
10 MF Joe Cole
11 FW Didier Drogba
12 MF John Obi Mikel
13 MF Michael Ballack
14 FW Claudio Pizarro
15 MF Florent Malouda
17 FW Scott Sinclair
18 DF Wayne Bridge
20 DF Paulo Ferreira
21 FW Salomon Kalou
22 DF Tal Ben-Haim
23 GK Carlo Cudicini
24 MF Shaun Wright-Phillips
26 DF John Terry (captain)
27 FW Franco Di Santo
33 DF Alex
35 DF Juliano Belletti
39 FW Nicolas Anelka
40 GK Henrique Hilário



Players out on loan
37 MF Jack Cork (at Scunthorpe until May 2008)
43 DF Ryan Bertrand (at Norwich until May 2008)
44 DF Michael Mancienne (at QPR until May 2008)
–– DF Adrian Pettigrew (at Rotherham until May 2008)
–– MF Anthony Grant (at Southend until May 2008)
–– DF Alcides (at PSV Eindhoven until June 2008)
–– DF Khalid Boulahrouz (at Sevilla until June 2008)
–– DF Slobodan Rajković (at PSV Eindhoven until June 2008)
–– FW Hernán Crespo (at Internazionale until June 2008)



In popular culture


In 1930, Chelsea featured in one of the earliest football films, The Great Game. One-time Chelsea centre forward, Jack Cock, who by then was playing for Millwall, was the star of the film and several scenes were shot at Stamford Bridge, including the pitch, the boardroom and the dressing rooms. It included guest appearances by then-Chelsea players Andrew Wilson, George Mills and Sam Millington. Owing to the notoriety of the Chelsea Headhunters, a football firm associated with the club, Chelsea have also featured in films about football hooliganism, most recently The Football Factory. Chelsea also appear in the Hindi film, Jhoom Barabar Jhoom.
Up until the 1950s, the club had a long-running association with the music halls, with their underachievement often providing material for comedians such as George Robey.[60] It culminated in comedian Norman Long's release of a comic song in 1933, ironically titled "On The Day That Chelsea Went and Won The Cup", the lyrics of which described a series of bizarre and improbable occurrences on the hypothetical day when Chelsea finally won a trophy.
The song "Blue is the Colour" was released as a single in the build-up to the 1972 League Cup final, with all members of Chelsea's first team squad singing; it reached number five in the UK Singles Chart. The song was later adapted to "White is the Colour" and adopted as an anthem by the Vancouver Whitecaps. In the build-up to the 1997 FA Cup final, the song "Blue Day", performed by Suggs and members of Chelsea's squad, reached number 22 in the UK charts. Bryan Adams, a fan of Chelsea, dedicated the song "We're Gonna Win" from the album 18 Til I Die to the club.

Records of Chelsea




Chelsea's highest appearance-maker is ex-captain Ron Harris, who played in 795 first-class games for the club between 1961 and 1980. This record is unlikely to be broken in the near future; Chelsea's current highest appearance-maker is Frank Lampard with 351. The record for a Chelsea goalkeeper is held by Harris's contemporary, Peter Bonetti, who made 729 appearances (1959–79). With 116 caps (67 while at the club), Marcel Desailly of France is Chelsea's most capped international player.
Bobby Tambling is Chelsea's all-time top goalscorer, with 202 goals in 370 games (1959–70). Six other players have also scored over 100 goals for Chelsea: George Hilsdon (1906–12), George Mills (1929–39), Roy Bentley (1948–56), Jimmy Greaves (1957–61), Peter Osgood (1964–74 & 1978–79), and Kerry Dixon (1983–92), who is the only player in the club's recent history to have come close to matching Tambling's record, with 193 goals. Greaves holds the record for the most goals scored in one season (43 in 1960–61). Chelsea's current top-scorer is Frank Lampard with 99.





Officially, Chelsea's highest home attendance is 82,905 for a First Division match against Arsenal on 12 October 1935. However, an estimated crowd of over 100,000 attended a friendly match against Soviet team Dynamo Moscow on 13 November 1945. The modernisation of Stamford Bridge during the 1990s and the introduction of all-seater stands mean that neither record will be broken for the foreseeable future. The current legal capacity of Stamford Bridge is 42,055.
Chelsea hold numerous records in English and European football. They hold the record for the highest points total for a league season, the fewest goals conceded during a league season, the most consecutive clean sheets during a league season, the highest number of Premier League victories in a season , the highest number of clean sheets overall in a Premier League season (all set during the 2004–05 season), and the most consecutive clean sheets from the start of a league season (2005–06).
The club's 21–0 aggregate victory over Jeunesse Hautcharage in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971 remains a record in European competition. Chelsea may also hold the British transfer record, but the fee for Andriy Shevchenko, estimated at around £30m, remains unconfirmed. Roberto Di Matteo holds the record for fastest goal in an FA Cup final at Wembley, which came 42 seconds into Chelsea's win over Middlesbrough in 1997. Chelsea hold the record for the longest streak of unbeaten matches at home in the English top-flight. They secured the record on 12 August 2007, beating the previous run of 63 matches set by Liverpool between 1978 and 1980. The record is ongoing, and currently stands at 75 matches.
Chelsea have recorded several "firsts" in English football. Along with Arsenal, they were the first club to play with shirt numbers on 25 August 1928 in their match against Swansea Town.[52] Chelsea were the first English side to travel by aeroplane to a domestic away match, when they visited Newcastle United on 19 April 1957, and the first First Division side to play a match on a Sunday, when they faced Stoke City on 27 January 1974. On December 26, 1999, Chelsea became the first British side to field an entirely foreign (non-UK) starting line-up in a Premier League match against Southampton. On May 19, 2007, they became the first team to win the FA Cup at the new Wembley Stadium, having also been the last to win it at the old Wembley.


Supporters


Chelsea have the fifth highest average all-time attendance in English football and regularly attract over 40,000 fans to Stamford Bridge; they were the fifth best-supported Premiership team in the 2005–06 season, with an average gate of 41,870. Chelsea's traditional fanbase comes from working-class parts of West London, such as Hammersmith and Battersea, from wealthier areas like Chelsea and Kensington, and from the Home Counties. In addition to the standard football chants, Chelsea fans sing songs like "Carefree", "Blue is the Colour", "We all follow the Chelsea" (to the tune of Land of Hope and Glory), "Ten Men Went to Mow", "Zigga Zagga", "Hello! Hello!" and the celebratory "Celery", with the latter often resulting in fans ritually throwing celery.






Chelsea do not have a traditional rivalry, in the manner that Liverpool and Everton, or Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur do. The club's nearest neighbours are Fulham, but they are not seen as big rivals by Chelsea fans, because the clubs have spent most of the last 40 years in separate divisions. A 2004 survey by Planetfootball.com found that Chelsea fans consider their main rivalries to be with (in order): Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester United. Additionally, a strong rivalry with Leeds United dates back to several heated and controversial matches in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly the FA Cup final in 1970. A more recent rivalry has grown with Liverpool following several clashes in cup competitions. In European competition, Chelsea's biggest rivals are Barcelona, with the two competing to be among the best sides in Europe and having played in some highly controversial matches in the UEFA Champions League in recent seasons.
During the 1970s and 1980s in particular, Chelsea supporters were long associated with football hooliganism. The club's "football firm", originally the Chelsea Shed Boys, now known as the Chelsea Headhunters, were nationally notorious for violent acts against hooligans from other teams, such as West Ham United's Inter City Firm and Millwall's Bushwhackers, both during and after matches. The increase in hooliganism in the 1980s led chairman Ken Bates to propose an electric fence to deter them from invading the pitch; the proposal was rejected by the GLC. Chelsea's hooligan element were revealed to have links with neo-nazi groups such as Combat 18, and other far-right or racist organisations including the British National Party. Since the 1990s there has been a marked decline in crowd trouble at matches, as a result of stricter policing, CCTV in grounds and the advent of all-seater stadia.

Colours




Chelsea have always worn blue shirts, although they initially adopted a lighter shade than the current version, and unlike today wore white shorts and dark blue socks. The lighter blue was taken from the racing colours of then club president, Earl Cadogan. The light blue shirts were short-lived, however, and replaced by a royal blue version in around 1912. When Tommy Docherty became manager in the early 1960s he changed the kit again, adding blue shorts (which have remained ever since) and white socks, believing it made the club's colours more distinctive, since no other major side used that combination; this kit was first worn during the 1964–65 season.
Chelsea's traditional away colours are all yellow or all white with blue trim, but, as with most teams, they have had some more unusual ones. The first away strip consisted of black and white stripes and for one game in the 1960s the team wore Inter Milan-style blue and black stripes, again at Docherty's behest. Other memorable away kits include a mint green strip in the 1980s, a red and white checked one in the early 90s and a graphite and tangerine addition in the mid-1990s.






The 2007/2008 Chelsea away strip consists of an 'electric yellow' shirt with thick black lines forming separate panels of the shirt. The adidas three stripes are black, and run down the arms. It is worn with black shorts and black socks, but in the case of further clashes it is worn with "electric yellow" shorts and/or socks. The crest on the shirt is in "electric yellow" and black to go with the rest of the kit, instead of the usual blue, white, red and gold. For the 07/08 season, there is also a third kit, which is all white with blue and black trim.
Chelsea's kit is currently manufactured by Adidas, which is contracted to supply the club's kit from 2006 to 2011. Their previous kit manufacturer was Umbro. Chelsea's first shirt sponsor was Gulf Air, agreed midway through the 1983–84 season. Following that, the club were sponsored by Grange Farms, Bai Lin tea and Italian company Simod before a long-term deal was signed with computer manufacturer Commodore International in 1989; Amiga, an off-shoot of Commodore, also appeared on the shirts. Chelsea were subsequently sponsored by Coors beer (1995–97), Autoglass (1997–2001) and Emirates Airline (2001–05). Chelsea's current shirt sponsor is Samsung Mobile.

Chelsea Crest







First Crest




Since the club's foundation, Chelsea have had four main crests, though all underwent minor variations. In 1905, Chelsea adopted as their first crest the image of a Chelsea pensioner, which obviously contributed to the "pensioner" nickname, and remained for the next half-century, though it never appeared on the shirts. As part of Ted Drake's modernisation of the club from 1952 onwards, he insisted that the pensioner badge be removed from the match day programme in order to change the club's image and that a new crest be adopted. As a stop-gap, a temporary emblem comprising simply the initials C.F.C. was adopted for one year. In 1953, Chelsea's crest was changed to an upright blue lion looking backwards and holding a staff, which was to endure for the next three decades.



Club crest 1953–1986





This crest was based on elements in the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea with the "lion rampant regardant" taken from the arms of then club president Viscount Chelsea and the staff from the Abbots of Westminster, former Lords of the Manor of Chelsea. It also featured three red roses, to represent England, and two footballs. This was the first club badge to appear on shirts, since the policy of putting the crest on the shirts was only adopted in the early 1960s.
In 1986, with new owners now at the club, Chelsea's crest was changed again as part of another attempt to modernise and to capitalise on new marketing opportunities. The new badge featured a more naturalistic non-heraldic lion, yellow and not blue, standing over the C.F.C. initials. It lasted for the next 19 years, with some modifications such as the use of different colours. With new ownership, and the club's centenary approaching, combined with demands from fans for the club's traditional badge to be restored, it was decided that the crest should be changed again in 2004. The new crest was officially adopted for the start of the 2005–06 season and marks a return to the older design of the blue heraldic lion holding a staff. As with previous crests, this one has appeared in various colours, including white and gold.



Club crest 1986–2005


Club crest 2005–2006 (Centenary)






Stamford Bridge


Chelsea have only ever had one home ground, Stamford Bridge, where they have played since foundation. It was officially opened on 28 April 1877. For the first 28 years of its existence it was used almost exclusively by the London Athletics Club as an arena for athletics meetings and not at all for football. In 1904 the ground was acquired by businessman Gus Mears and his brother, J T Mears, who had previously acquired additional land (formerly a large market garden) with the aim of staging football matches on the now 12.5 acre (51,000 m²) site. Stamford Bridge was designed for the Mears family by the noted football architect Archibald Leitch. They offered the stadium to Fulham Football Club, but the offer was turned down. As a consequence, the owners decided to form their own football club to occupy their new ground. Most football clubs were founded first, and then sought grounds in which to play, but Chelsea were founded for Stamford Bridge. Since there was already a football club named Fulham in the borough, the founders decided to adopt the name of the adjacent borough of Chelsea for the new club, having rejected names such as Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC. Starting with an open bowl-like design and one covered terrace, Stamford Bridge had an original capacity of around 100,000. The early 1930s saw the construction of a terrace on the southern part of the ground with a roof that covered around one fifth of the stand. It eventually became known as the "Shed End", the home of Chelsea's most loyal and vocal supporters, particularly during the 1960s, 70s and 80s. The exact origins of the name are unclear, but the fact that the roof looked like a corrugated iron shed roof played a part.
During the late 1960s and early 70s, the club's owners embarked on a modernisation of Stamford Bridge with plans for a 50,000 all-seater stadium. Work began on the East Stand in the early 1970s but the cost almost brought the club to its knees, and the freehold was sold to property developers. Following a long legal battle, it was not until the mid-1990s that Chelsea's future at the stadium was secured and renovation work resumed. The north, west and southern parts of the ground were converted into all-seater stands and moved closer to the pitch, a process completed by 2001.
The Stamford Bridge pitch, the freehold, the turnstiles and Chelsea's naming rights are now owned by Chelsea Pitch Owners, a non-profit organisation in which fans are the shareholders. The CPO was created to ensure the stadium could never again be sold to developers. It also means that if someone tries to move the football club to a new stadium they could not use the Chelsea FC name.
The club plans to increase its capacity to over 50,000. Owing to its location in a built-up part of London on a main road and next to two railway lines, fans can only enter the stadium through the Fulham Road entrance, which places severe constraints on expansion due to health and safety regulations. As a result, Chelsea have been linked with a move away from Stamford Bridge to sites including the Earls Court Exhibition Centre, Battersea Power Station and the Chelsea Barracks. However, the club have reiterated their desire to keep Chelsea at their current home.

Chelsea F.C


Chelsea Football Club (also known as The Blues or previously The Pensioners) are an English professional football club based in west London. Founded in 1905, they play in the Premier League and have spent most of their history in the top tier in English football. They have had two broad periods of success, one during the 1960s and early 1970s, and the second from the late 1990s to the present day. Chelsea have won three league titles, four FA Cups, four League Cups and two UEFA Cup Winners' Cups.
Chelsea's home is the 42,055 capacity Stamford Bridge football stadium in Fulham, West London, where they have played since their foundation. Despite their name, the club are based just outside the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. In 2003, the club were bought by Russian oil magnate Roman Abramovich.
The club's traditional kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks. Their traditional crest is a ceremonial blue lion holding a staff; a modified version of this was adopted in 2005.

History
Chelsea were founded on March 14, 1905 at The Rising Sun pub (now The Butcher's Hook), opposite the present-day main entrance to the ground on Fulham Road, and were elected to the Football League shortly afterwards. The club's early years saw little success; the closest they came to winning a major trophy was reaching the FA Cup final in 1915, where they lost to Sheffield United. Chelsea gained a reputation for signing big-name players and for being entertainers, but made little impact on the English game in the inter-war years.
Former England centre-forward Ted Drake became manager in 1952 and proceeded to modernise the club. He removed the club's Chelsea pensioner crest, improved the youth set-up and training regime, rebuilt the side, and led Chelsea to their first major trophy success – the League championship – in 1954–55. The following season saw UEFA create the European Champions' Cup, but after objections from The Football League and the FA Chelsea were persuaded to withdraw from the competition before it started.
The 1960s saw the emergence of a talented young Chelsea side under manager Tommy Docherty. They challenged for honours throughout the decade, and endured several near-misses. They were on course for a treble of League, FA Cup and League Cup going into the final stages of the 1964–65 season, winning the League Cup but faltering late on in the other two. In three seasons the side were beaten in three major semi-finals and were FA Cup runners-up. In 1970 Chelsea were FA Cup winners, beating Leeds United 2–1 in a final replay. Chelsea took their first European honour, a UEFA Cup Winners' Cup triumph, the following year, with another replayed win, this time over Real Madrid in Athens. The late 1970s and the 1980s were a turbulent period for Chelsea. An ambitious redevelopment of Stamford Bridge threatened the financial stability of the club, star players were sold and the team were relegated. Further problems were caused by a notorious hooligan element among the support, which was to plague the club throughout the decade. Chelsea were, at the nadir of their fortunes, acquired by Ken Bates for the nominal sum of £1, although by now the Stamford Bridge freehold had been sold to property developers, meaning the club faced losing their home. On the pitch, the team had fared little better, coming close to relegation to the Third Division for the first time, but in 1983 manager John Neal put together an impressive new team for minimal outlay. Chelsea won the Second Division title in 1983–84 and established themselves in the top division, before being relegated again in 1988. The club bounced back immediately by winning the Second Division championship in 1988–89.
After a long-running legal battle, Bates reunited the stadium freehold with the club in 1992 by doing a deal with the banks of the property developers, who had been bankrupted by a market crash. Chelsea's form in the new Premier League was unconvincing, although they did reach the FA Cup final in 1994. It was not until the appointment of former European Footballer of the Year Ruud Gullit as player-manager in 1996 that their fortunes changed. He added several top-class international players to the side, particularly Gianfranco Zola, as the club won the FA Cup in 1997 and established themselves as one of England's top sides again. Gullit was replaced by Gianluca Vialli, who led the team to victory in the League Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup in 1998, the FA Cup in 2000 and the UEFA Champions League quarter-finals in 2000. Vialli was sacked in favour of another Italian, Claudio Ranieri, who guided Chelsea to the 2002 FA Cup final and Champions League qualification in 2002–03.
In June 2003, Bates sold Chelsea to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich for £140 million, completing what was then the biggest-ever sale of an English football club. Owing to Abramovich's Russian heritage, the club were soon popularly dubbed "Chelski" in the British media. Over £100 million was spent on new players, but Ranieri was unable to deliver any trophies, so he was replaced by successful Portuguese coach José Mourinho, who had just guided FC Porto to victory in the UEFA Champions League.
In 2005, Chelsea's centenary year, the club became Premiership champions in a record-breaking season (most clean sheets, fewest goals conceded, most victories, most points earned), League Cup winners with a 3–2 win over Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium and reached the Champions League semi-finals. The following year, they were again League Champions, equalling their own Premiership record of 29 wins set the previous season. They also became the fifth team to win back-to-back championships since the Second World War and the first London club to do so since Arsenal in 1933–34. In 2007 Chelsea won the League Cup for the second time in three years, and finished 2nd in the Premier League. To end the season, Chelsea beat Manchester United 1-0 in the FA Cup final, the first at the new Wembley Stadium. On 20 September 2007, manager José Mourinho parted company with Chelsea by mutual consent. He was replaced by Director of football Avram Grant.

Types of nuclear weapons



There are two basic types of nuclear weapons. The first are weapons which produce their explosive energy through nuclear fission reactions alone. These are known colloquially as atomic bombs, A-bombs, or fission bombs. In fission weapons, a mass of fissile material (enriched uranium or plutonium) is assembled into a supercritical mass—the amount of material needed to start an exponentially growing nuclear chain reaction—either by shooting one piece of sub-critical material into another (the "gun" method), or by compressing a sub-critical sphere of material using chemical explosives to many times its original density (the "implosion" method). The latter approach is considered more sophisticated than the former, and only the latter approach can be used if plutonium is the fissile material.
A major challenge in all nuclear weapon designs is to ensure that a significant fraction of the fuel is consumed before the weapon destroys itself. The amount of energy released by fission bombs can range between the equivalent of less than a ton of TNT upwards to around 500,000 tons (500 kilotons) of TNT.
The second basic type of nuclear weapon produces a large amount of its energy through nuclear fusion reactions, and can be over a thousand times more powerful than fission bombs as fusion reactions release much more energy per unit of mass than fission reactions. These are known as hydrogen bombs, H-bombs, thermonuclear bombs, or fusion bombs. Only six countries—United States, Russia, United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, France, and India—have detonated hydrogen bombs.
Hydrogen bombs work by using the energy of a fission bomb in order to compress and heat fusion fuel. In the Teller-Ulam design, which accounts for all multi-megaton yield hydrogen bombs, this is accomplished by placing a fission bomb and fusion fuel (tritium, deuterium, or lithium deuteride) in proximity within a special, radiation-reflecting container. When the fission bomb is detonated, gamma and X-rays emitted at the speed of light first compress the fusion fuel, and then heat it to thermonuclear temperatures. The ensuing fusion reaction creates enormous numbers of high-speed neutrons, which then can induce fission in materials which normally are not prone to it, such as depleted uranium. Each of these component is known as a "stage," with the fission bomb as the "primary" and the fusion capsule as the "secondary." In large hydrogen bombs, about half of the yield, and much of the resulting nuclear fallout, comes from the final fissioning of depleted uranium. By chaining together numerous stages with increasing amounts of fusion fuel, thermonuclear weapons can be made to an almost arbitrary yield; the largest ever detonated (the Tsar Bomba of the USSR) released an energy equivalent to over 50 million tons (megatons) of TNT. Most hydrogen bombs are considerably smaller than this, though, due to constraints in fitting them into the space and weight requirements of missile warheads.
There are other types of nuclear weapons as well. For example, a boosted fission weapon is a fission bomb which increases its explosive yield through a small amount of fusion reactions, but it is not a hydrogen bomb. In the boosted bomb, the neutrons produced by the fusion reactions serve primarily to increase the efficiency of the fission bomb. Some weapons are designed for special purposes; a neutron bomb is a nuclear weapon that yields a relatively small explosion but a relatively large amount of radiation; such a device could theoretically be used to cause massive casualties while leaving infrastructure mostly intact and creating a minimal amount of fallout. The detonation of a nuclear weapon is accompanied by a blast of neutron radiation. Surrounding a nuclear weapon with suitable materials (such as cobalt or gold) creates a weapon known as a salted bomb. This device can produce exceptionally large quantities of radioactive contamination. Most variety in nuclear weapon design is in different yields of nuclear weapons for different types of purposes, and in manipulating design elements to attempt to make weapons extremely small.

History of Nuclear


The first nuclear weapons were created in the United States by an international team, including many displaced scientists from central Europe, which included Germany, with assistance from the United Kingdom and Canada during World War II as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. While the first weapons were developed primarily out of fear that Nazi Germany would develop them first, they were eventually used against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first test was conducted on July 16, 1945 at a site near Alamogordo, New Mexico. The Soviet Union developed and tested their first nuclear weapon in 1949, based partially on information obtained from Soviet espionage in the United States. Both the U.S. and USSR would go on to develop weapons powered by nuclear fusion (hydrogen bombs) by the mid-1950s. With the invention of reliable rocketry during the 1960s, it became possible for nuclear weapons to be delivered anywhere in the world on a very short notice, and the two Cold War superpowers adopted a strategy of deterrence to maintain a shaky peace

Nuclear weapons were symbols of military and national power, and nuclear testing was often used both to test new designs as well as to send political messages. Other nations also developed nuclear weapons during this time, including the United Kingdom, France, and China. These five members of the "nuclear club" agreed to attempt to limit the spread of nuclear proliferation to other nations, though four other countries (India, South Africa, Pakistan, and Israel) developed or acquired nuclear arms during this time. At the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the Russian Federation inherited the weapons of the former USSR, and along with the U.S., pledged to reduce their stockpile for increased international safety. Nuclear proliferation has continued, though, with Pakistan testing their first weapons in 1998, and North Korea performing a test in 2006. In January 2005, Pakistani metallurgist Abdul Qadeer Khan confessed to selling nuclear technology and information of nuclear weapons to Iran, Libya, and North Korea in a massive, international proliferation ring. On October 9, 2006, North Korea claimed it had conducted an underground nuclear test, though the very small apparent yield of the blast has led many to conclude that it was not fully successful (see 2006 North Korean nuclear test). Additionally, since 9/11 increased attention has been given to the threat of nuclear terrorism, whereby non-state actors manage to develop, purchase, or steal nuclear arms and detonate them against civilians. Post-Cold War discussions of nuclear weapons have focused on the fact that the "rationality" of nuclear deterrence, credited with the lack of use of nuclear weapons during the Cold War, may not apply in a world with only one superpower, or a world where the nuclear actors are stateless.
There have been (at least) four major false alarms, the most recent in 1995, that almost resulted in the U.S. or USSR/Russia launching its weapons in retaliation for a supposed attack. Additionally, during the Cold War the U.S. and USSR came close to nuclear warfare several times, most notably during the Cuban Missile Crisis. As of 2006, there are estimated to be at least 27,000 nuclear weapons held by at least eight countries, 96 percent of them in the possession of the United States and Russia.
Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes and have played a major part in popular culture since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction. Dozens of movies, books, television shows, plays, and other cultural productions have been made with nuclear weapons as either the explicit subject or an implied leitmotiv

Nuclear weapon





A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. As a result, even a nuclear weapon with a small yield is significantly more powerful than the largest conventional explosives, and a single weapon is capable of destroying an entire city.
In the history of warfare, two nuclear weapons have been detonated — both by the United States, during the closing days of World War II. The first was detonated on the morning of 6 August 1945, when the United States dropped a uranium gun-type device code-named "Little Boy" on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The second was detonated three days later when the United States dropped a plutonium implosion-type device code-named "Fat Man" on the city of Nagasaki. These bombings resulted in the immediate deaths of around 120,000 people from injuries sustained from the explosion and acute radiation sickness, and even more deaths over time from long-term effects of radiation. The use of these weapons was and remains controversial. (See Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki for a full discussion.)
Since the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, nuclear weapons have been detonated on over two thousand occasions for testing purposes and demonstration purposes. The only countries known to have detonated such weapons are (chronologically) the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, the People's Republic of China, India, Pakistan, and North Korea.
Various other countries may hold nuclear weapons but have never publicly admitted possession, or their claims to possession have not been verified. For example, Israel has modern airborne delivery systems and appears to have an extensive nuclear program with hundreds of warheads (see Israel and weapons of mass destruction), officially maintains a policy of "ambiguity" with respect to its actual possession of nuclear weapons. According to some estimates, it possesses as many as 200 nuclear warheads. Iran currently stands accused by the United States of attempting to develop nuclear weapons capabilities, though its government states that its acknowledged nuclear activities, such as uranium enrichment, are for non-weapons purposes. South Africa also secretly developed a small nuclear arsenal, but disassembled it in the early 1990s. (For more information see List of states with nuclear weapons.)

Apart from their use as weapons, nuclear explosives have been tested and used for various non-military uses. Synthetic elements, such as einsteinium and fermium, created by neutron bombardment of uranium and plutonium during thermonuclear explosions, were discovered in the aftermath of the first hydrogen bomb test.

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